\(x^2+9y^2+4z^2-2x+12y-4z+20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+12y+4\right)+\left(4z^2-4z+1\right)+14=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-1\right)^2+14=0\)(1)

Ta thấy\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-1\right)^2+14\ge14>0\forall x;y;z\)

Nên dấu (1) không thể xảy ra , Hay \(x;y;z\) ko tồn tại (đpcm)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{7}{4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x,y\in\varnothing\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}>0\right]\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(9y^2+12y+4\right)+\left(4z^2-4z+1\right)+14=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-1\right)^2+14=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x,y,z\in\varnothing\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(3y+2\right)^2+\left(2z-1\right)^2+14\ge14>0\right]\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow-\left(x^2-10xy+25y^2\right)-\left(y^2-20y+100\right)-50=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-\left(x-5y\right)^2-\left(y-10\right)^2-50=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x,y\in\varnothing\left[-\left(x-5y\right)^2-\left(y-10\right)^2-50\le-50< 0\right]\)

Ta có : x² + 9y² + 4z² - 2x + 12y - 4z + 20 = 0

    => ( x² - 2x +1 ) + ( 9y² + 12y + 4 ) + ( 4z² - 4z +1 ) + 14 = 0

    => ( x - 1 )²  +  ( 3y + 2 )²  +  ( 2z - 1 )²  +  14  = 0

Mà  :  

Suy ra :  ( x - 1 )²  +  ( 3y + 2 )²  +  ( 2z - 1 )²   >= 0

         => ( x - 1 )²  +  ( 3y + 2 )²  +  ( 2z - 1 )²   +  14  >=  14

Mặt khác :   ( x - 1 )²  +  ( 3y + 2 )²  +  ( 2z - 1 )²   +  14 =  x² + 9y² + 4z² - 2x + 12y - 4z + 20  = 0  ( Vô lí )

Vậy : Không có giá trị x , y, z nào thỏa mãn 

x²-2x+y²+4y+4z²+6=0

=>(x-1)²        +(y+2)²+     4z²+1=0=>4z²+1=0=>z=+-1/2

  >hoặc=o    >hoặc=0     >hoặc=o

x² + 2y² + z² - 2xy - 2y - 4z + 5 = 0

<=> ( x² - 2xy + y² ) + ( y² - 2y + 1 ) + ( z² - 4z + 4 ) = 0

<=> ( x - y )² + ( y - 1 )² + ( z - 2 )² = 0

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-2\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\forall x;y;z\)=> ( x - y )² + ( y - 1 )² + ( z - 2 )²\(\ge\)0\(\forall\)x ; y ; z

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(z-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)<=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\z=2\end{cases}}\)( 1 )

Thay ( 1 ) vào A , ta được :

\(A=\left(1-1\right)^{2020}+\left(1-2\right)^{2020}+\left(2-3\right)^{2020}=0+1+1=2\)

Vậy A = 2

Ta có: \(x^2+2y^2+z^2-2xy-2y-4z+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(z^2-4z+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2=0\)

Mà \(VT\ge0\left(\forall x,y,z\right)\) nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(z-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\z=2\end{cases}}\)

Giả thiết tương đương \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2=29\).

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy - Schwarz ta có:

\(\left(2x-3y+4z-20\right)^2=\left[2\left(x-1\right)-3\left(y+2\right)+4\left(z-3\right)\right]^2\le\left(2^2+3^2+4^2\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2\right]=29^2\Rightarrow\left|2x-3y+4z-20\right|\le29\)

Bài 1:

$A=2x^2+y^2-2xy+x+2=(x^2+y^2-2xy)+(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{7}{4}$

$=(x-y)^2+(x+\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{7}{4}$

Vì $(x-y)^2\geq 0; (x+\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y$

$\Rightarrow A\geq 0+0+\frac{7}{4}=\frac{7}{4}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{7}{4}$. Giá trị này đạt được khi $x-y=x+\frac{1}{2}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{-1}{2}$

Bài 2:

$B=x^2+9y^2+4z^2-2x+12y-4z+20$

$=(x^2-2x+1)+(9y^2+12y+4)+(4z^2-4z+1)+14$

$=(x-1)^2+(3y+2)^2+(2z-1)^2+14$
Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0; (3y+2)^2\geq 0; (2z-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z$

$\Rightarrow B\geq 0+0+0+14=14$

Vậy $B_{\min}=14$. Giá trị này đạt được khi $x-1=3y+2=2z-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=\frac{-2}{3}; z=\frac{1}{2}$

Bài 3:

$C=-x^2-26y^2+10xy-20y-150$
$-C=x^2+26y^2-10xy+20y+150$

$=(x^2+25y^2-10xy)+(y^2+20y+10^2)+50$

$=(x-5y)^2+(y+10)^2+50$
Vì $(x-5y)^2\geq 0; (y+10)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y$

$\Rightarrow -C=(x-5y)^2+(y+10)^2+50\geq 0+0+50=50$

$\Rightarrow C\leq -50$

Vậy $C_{\max}=-50$. Giá trị này đạt được khi $x-5y=y+10=0$

$\Leftrightarrow y=-10; x=-50$